Who in 1931 introduced the heatless technique?

• A. Evans and McDonough
• B. Nessler
• C. Spear and Smith
• D. Kerr and Lane

Answer: (A)

Introducing a heatless permanent waving technique means creating waves without applying external heat, using a chemical reaction to break and reform bonds at room temperature. In 1931, Evans and McDonough pioneered this cold-wave method, employing a reducing agent to break the hair’s disulfide bonds and then a neutralizer to rebuild them in new positions around wrapped rods. This approach let stylists achieve lasting waves without heat, reducing damage and eliminating the need for heating equipment. Nessler is known for the earlier heated permanent wave, not the heatless method. The other names aren’t associated with introducing this heatless technique.